日志打印

Table of Contents

• 日志打印
  • Using a Logger
    • Examples
    • Logging and MPI
  • Logger Classes
  • Loading Saved Graphs

Using a Logger

Spinning Up ships with basic logging tools, implemented in the classes Logger and EpochLogger. The Logger class contains most of the basic functionality for saving diagnostics, hyperparameter configurations, the state of a training run, and the trained model. The EpochLogger class adds a thin layer on top of that to make it easy to track the average, standard deviation, min, and max value of a diagnostic over each epoch and across MPI workers.

You Should Know

All Spinning Up algorithm implementations use an EpochLogger.

Examples

First, let’s look at a simple example of how an EpochLogger keeps track of a diagnostic value:

>>> from spinup.utils.logx import EpochLogger
>>> epoch_logger = EpochLogger()
>>> for i in range(10):
        epoch_logger.store(Test=i)
>>> epoch_logger.log_tabular('Test', with_min_and_max=True)
>>> epoch_logger.dump_tabular()
-------------------------------------
|     AverageTest |             4.5 |
|         StdTest |            2.87 |
|         MaxTest |               9 |
|         MinTest |               0 |
-------------------------------------

The store method is used to save all values of Test to the epoch_logger‘s internal state. Then, when log_tabular is called, it computes the average, standard deviation, min, and max of Test over all of the values in the internal state. The internal state is wiped clean after the call to log_tabular (to prevent leakage into the statistics at the next epoch). Finally, dump_tabular is called to write the diagnostics to file and to stdout.

Next, let’s look at a full training procedure with the logger embedded, to highlight configuration and model saving as well as diagnostic logging:

 import numpy as np
 import tensorflow as tf
 import time
 from spinup.utils.logx import EpochLogger


 def mlp(x, hidden_sizes=(32,), activation=tf.tanh, output_activation=None):
     for h in hidden_sizes[:-1]:
         x = tf.layers.dense(x, units=h, activation=activation)
     return tf.layers.dense(x, units=hidden_sizes[-1], activation=output_activation)


 # Simple script for training an MLP on MNIST.
 def train_mnist(steps_per_epoch=100, epochs=5,
                 lr=1e-3, layers=2, hidden_size=64,
                 logger_kwargs=dict(), save_freq=1):

     logger = EpochLogger(**logger_kwargs)
     logger.save_config(locals())

     # Load and preprocess MNIST data
     (x_train, y_train), _ = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
     x_train = x_train.reshape(-1, 28*28) / 255.0

     # Define inputs & main outputs from computation graph
     x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 28*28))
     y_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=(None,))
     logits = mlp(x_ph, hidden_sizes=[hidden_size]*layers + [10], activation=tf.nn.relu)
     predict = tf.argmax(logits, axis=1, output_type=tf.int32)

     # Define loss function, accuracy, and training op
     y = tf.one_hot(y_ph, 10)
     loss = tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(y, logits)
     acc = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(tf.equal(y_ph, predict), tf.float32))
     train_op = tf.train.AdamOptimizer().minimize(loss)

     # Prepare session
     sess = tf.Session()
     sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

     # Setup model saving
     logger.setup_tf_saver(sess, inputs={'x': x_ph},
                                 outputs={'logits': logits, 'predict': predict})

     start_time = time.time()

     # Run main training loop
     for epoch in range(epochs):
         for t in range(steps_per_epoch):
             idxs = np.random.randint(0, len(x_train), 32)
             feed_dict = {x_ph: x_train[idxs],
                          y_ph: y_train[idxs]}
             outs = sess.run([loss, acc, train_op], feed_dict=feed_dict)
             logger.store(Loss=outs[0], Acc=outs[1])

         # Save model
         if (epoch % save_freq == 0) or (epoch == epochs-1):
             logger.save_state(state_dict=dict(), itr=None)

         # Log info about epoch
         logger.log_tabular('Epoch', epoch)
         logger.log_tabular('Acc', with_min_and_max=True)
         logger.log_tabular('Loss', average_only=True)
         logger.log_tabular('TotalGradientSteps', (epoch+1)*steps_per_epoch)
         logger.log_tabular('Time', time.time()-start_time)
         logger.dump_tabular()

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     train_mnist()

In this example, observe that

• On line 19, logger.save_config is used to save the hyperparameter configuration to a JSON file.
• On lines 42 and 43, logger.setup_tf_saver is used to prepare the logger to save the key elements of the computation graph.
• On line 54, diagnostics are saved to the logger’s internal state via logger.store.
• On line 58, the computation graph is saved once per epoch via logger.save_state.
• On lines 61-66, logger.log_tabular and logger.dump_tabular are used to write the epoch diagnostics to file. Note that the keys passed into logger.log_tabular are the same as the keys passed into logger.store.

Logging and MPI

You Should Know

Several algorithms in RL are easily parallelized by using MPI to average gradients and/or other key quantities. The Spinning Up loggers are designed to be well-behaved when using MPI: things will only get written to stdout and to file from the process with rank 0. But information from other processes isn’t lost if you use the EpochLogger: everything which is passed into EpochLogger via store, regardless of which process it’s stored in, gets used to compute average/std/min/max values for a diagnostic.

Logger Classes

class spinup.utils.logx.Logger(output_dir=None, output_fname='progress.txt', exp_name=None)

A general-purpose logger.

Makes it easy to save diagnostics, hyperparameter configurations, the state of a training run, and the trained model.

__init__(output_dir=None, output_fname='progress.txt', exp_name=None)

Initialize a Logger.

参数:

• output_dir (string) – A directory for saving results to. If None, defaults to a temp directory of the form /tmp/experiments/somerandomnumber.
• output_fname (string) – Name for the tab-separated-value file containing metrics logged throughout a training run. Defaults to progress.txt.
• exp_name (string) – Experiment name. If you run multiple training runs and give them all the same exp_name, the plotter will know to group them. (Use case: if you run the same hyperparameter configuration with multiple random seeds, you should give them all the same exp_name.)

dump_tabular()

Write all of the diagnostics from the current iteration.

Writes both to stdout, and to the output file.

log(msg, color='green')

Print a colorized message to stdout.

log_tabular(key, val)

Log a value of some diagnostic.

Call this only once for each diagnostic quantity, each iteration. After using log_tabular to store values for each diagnostic, make sure to call dump_tabular to write them out to file and stdout (otherwise they will not get saved anywhere).

save_config(config)

Log an experiment configuration.

Call this once at the top of your experiment, passing in all important config vars as a dict. This will serialize the config to JSON, while handling anything which can’t be serialized in a graceful way (writing as informative a string as possible).

Example use:

logger = EpochLogger(**logger_kwargs)
logger.save_config(locals())

save_state(state_dict, itr=None)

Saves the state of an experiment.

To be clear: this is about saving state, not logging diagnostics. All diagnostic logging is separate from this function. This function will save whatever is in state_dict—usually just a copy of the environment—and the most recent parameters for the model you previously set up saving for with setup_tf_saver.

Call with any frequency you prefer. If you only want to maintain a single state and overwrite it at each call with the most recent version, leave itr=None. If you want to keep all of the states you save, provide unique (increasing) values for ‘itr’.

参数:

• state_dict (dict) – Dictionary containing essential elements to describe the current state of training.
• itr – An int, or None. Current iteration of training.

setup_tf_saver(sess, inputs, outputs)

Set up easy model saving for tensorflow.

Call once, after defining your computation graph but before training.

参数:

• sess – The Tensorflow session in which you train your computation graph.
• inputs (dict) – A dictionary that maps from keys of your choice to the tensorflow placeholders that serve as inputs to the computation graph. Make sure that all of the placeholders needed for your outputs are included!
• outputs (dict) – A dictionary that maps from keys of your choice to the outputs from your computation graph.

class spinup.utils.logx.EpochLogger(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: spinup.utils.logx.Logger

A variant of Logger tailored for tracking average values over epochs.

Typical use case: there is some quantity which is calculated many times throughout an epoch, and at the end of the epoch, you would like to report the average / std / min / max value of that quantity.

With an EpochLogger, each time the quantity is calculated, you would use

epoch_logger.store(NameOfQuantity=quantity_value)

to load it into the EpochLogger’s state. Then at the end of the epoch, you would use

epoch_logger.log_tabular(NameOfQuantity, **options)

to record the desired values.

get_stats(key)

Lets an algorithm ask the logger for mean/std/min/max of a diagnostic.

log_tabular(key, val=None, with_min_and_max=False, average_only=False)

Log a value or possibly the mean/std/min/max values of a diagnostic.

参数:

• key (string) – The name of the diagnostic. If you are logging a diagnostic whose state has previously been saved with store, the key here has to match the key you used there.
• val – A value for the diagnostic. If you have previously saved values for this key via store, do not provide a val here.
• with_min_and_max (bool) – If true, log min and max values of the diagnostic over the epoch.
• average_only (bool) – If true, do not log the standard deviation of the diagnostic over the epoch.

store(**kwargs)

Save something into the epoch_logger’s current state.

Provide an arbitrary number of keyword arguments with numerical values.

Loading Saved Graphs

spinup.utils.logx.restore_tf_graph(sess, fpath)

Loads graphs saved by Logger.

Will output a dictionary whose keys and values are from the ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ dict you specified with logger.setup_tf_saver().

参数:

• sess – A Tensorflow session.
• fpath – Filepath to save directory.

返回:

A dictionary mapping from keys to tensors in the computation graph loaded from fpath.

When you use this method to restore a graph saved by a Spinning Up implementation, you can minimally expect it to include the following:

Key	Value
x	Tensorflow placeholder for state input.
pi	Samples an action from the agent, conditioned on states in x.

The relevant value functions for an algorithm are also typically stored. For details of what else gets saved by a given algorithm, see its documentation page.